ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVEP: To prepare the extemporaneously prepared oral suspending vehicle that can be used in divided doses for children, and preliminary stability experiments are performed. METHODS: Preparation of blank suspending vehicle by prescription screening and optimization. The preparation of suspending vehicle is based on the comprehensive scale of viscosity, redispersibility and appearance traits as the evaluation index, and signal factor study is used. The preliminary stability investigation was carried out.Using propranolole hydrochloride and spironolactone as model drugs, the drug concentration in suspension determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) respectively,which are methods prescribed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. RESULTS: The dosages of CMC-Na, HPMC, xanthan gum and xylitol in the final formulation of suspension medium were 3.33% (g•mL-1), 1.67% (g•mL-1), 1% (g•mL-1) and 0.1% (g•mL-1),respectively. The extemporaneously prepared oral suspension is uniform, stable and dispersed, and the inspection conforms to the relevant regulations. Average recovery rates of propranolole hydrochloride and spironolactone are meet the relevant regulations. No stratification in the appearance of samples in centrifugal tests. Three batches of test samples remained stable at 4 and 25℃ for 10 d. CONCLUSION: The oral suspending vehicle has a simple and convenient preparation process, the drug dispersion is simple and fast, the content determination method is accurate and reliable, and the stability is good,and can be used as a drug-loading vehicle.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usage of antimicrobial in outpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a children′s hospital during the flu season, and to provide evidence for scientific antimicrobial stewardship. METHODS: During the 2017-2018 flu season, medical records of laboratory-confirmed influenza positive cases in our hospital were reviewed to collect information including prescription of antimicrobial, laboratory data; and the rationality of the use of antimicrobial was evaluated based on clinical diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to establish the prediction model of antimicrobial usage, which was used to test the factors affecting usage of antimicrobial in outpatients with influenza infections. RESULTS: Among 201 confirmed-influenza cases, 107 (53.2%) were prescribed antimicrobial (at least one drug), and 92 (86.0%) were treated irrationally. In most patients, macrolides and the third generation of cephalosporins were used; and the most frequently used antimicrobials were azithromycin, cefixime and clarithromycin. According to the prediction model, the use of antimicrobial was significantly associated with abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) level in children (adjusted OR=4.697; 95%CI: 2.187-10.090) and negative results of rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) (adjusted OR=2.228; 95%CI:1.058-4.692); age, onset season, use of anti-influenza virus drugs, white blood cell counting, proportion of neutrophils, RIDT positive results, a clinical diagnosis of influenza and influenza typing were not risk factors. CONCLUSION: The rate of antimicrobial usage in out patients with in fluenza is high, and the management department should take targeted measures to reduce the unreasonable use of antimicrobial.